Abstract - Revista CDT Nº 26

Abstracts - CDT Nº 27
		Humanities and Social Sciencies
Research	[Index] - [Spanish]

Intimacy with Parents and Siblings in 13-15 years old Adolescents

Alicia Facio, Mercedes Batistuta, Fabiana Micocci, Celina Vivas*

Key-Words: : adolescence - socioemotional development -intimacy -survey

A random sample of 631 13-15-year-old adolescents (50% females) attending 8th-10th grade in Paraná, Argentina, completed a survey including Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Kovacs Child Depression Inventory, Spielberger Trait-Anxiety Test, Jakobsen-Paraná Antisocial Behavior and Substance Use scales as well as questions regarding degree of intimacy toward different relationships. Parents and siblings continue to be important targets of intimacy, and peers and romantic partners add to them rather than replace them. Similar to previous findings, these Argentinian adolescents were closer to their nuclear and extended families and less influenced by their peers than the typical North-American and Northern European adolescent belonging to the major culture. This cohort, born in 1983-1985, was similar to the 1974-1975 one regarding attachment to parents and siblings at age 13-15, despite the increasing percentage of divorced parents and the impoverishment of numerous Argentinians, two aspects of the historical trend undergone through the 90s. As is the case in North America and Northern Europe, having a warm and close relationship with parents and siblings is related to better self-esteem and less anxiety, depression, substance use and antisocial behavior.

*Lic. en Psicología, Prof. Titular ordinaria de Psicología evolutiva y de la Personalidad, Fac. de Cs Educ., UNER; Directora del proyecto. E-mail: afacio@satlink.com

Construction Processes of Daily School Life

Nélida Landreani*, Susana Berger**, Gloria Galarraga, Susana Valentinuz

Key-Words: construction processes - daily school life – practices – senses - autonomy

The construction of daily school life (DSL) was studied in two peripheral schools of Paraná, during 1996-1999, selecting four main actors: students, teachers, parents and neighbors of the immediate social environment. It was carried out through an intense fieldwork, selecting witness groups and employing qualitative techniques to approach the object of study in four supplementary sub-projects, resorting to triangulation of information from several sources. The main conclusions are: 1. The families from subordinate classes consider schools as places of social containment and transmission of practical knowledge; providers of a future for their children. 2. The DSL in peripheral schools is a complex and contradictory process of cultural interpenetration that develops in a space/time structured according to an hegemonic order, constantly being intervened by the subordinate culture. 3. Social production of inequality, which operates starkly in the social environment, penetrates in schools saturating daily school relationships, and reproducing discriminatory circuits that involve the pedagogic link. 4. The construction of the DSL is a process of cultural production that is being denied, because the imaginary school institution hides productivity.

*) Directora del proyecto; Profesora Titular Ordinaria de Sociología de la Educación (fallecida). **) Integrante del equipo. Profesora Adjunta de Sociologia de la Educacion. E-mail: sberger@arnet.com.ar

The Poultry Complex of the Province of Entre Ríos: its Macroeconomic Aspects

Néstor A. Domínguez*, Alberto Papini, Walter De Zan, Cynthia Lui

Key-Words: competitiveness – technological reconversion – efficiency – poultry policy – small farm

The objective of the research has been the economic analysis of the Poultry Chain in Entre Ríos, studying its different links: primary and basic consumables production, slaughtering and processing, final commercialization of chicken meat. The organizational modalities of the poultry companies are reviewed, as well as the determining factors of the fattening farm-meat processing plant joint. Then, the international market of poultry meat and the international supply and demand tendencies are analyzed. Especial emphasis is applied on the poultry sector of Argentina, and on the basis of secondary information, the production, imports, exports and price tendencies for chicken meat are studied in the 90s, a period of economic opening. The importance of the poultry sector in the province economics, the slaughtering structure and the provincial meat processing plants are described on the basis of census information, comparing economic markers with its similar counterparts in the Province of Buenos Aires. The characteristics of the provincial poultry companies, their management strategies, the situation of the integrated farms, the reconversion process and the reduction of the fattening cost are analyzed, with emphasis on small farms and their future prospects.

*) Director del proyecto, Lic. en Economía, Profesor Titular Ordinario de Economía Regional e Integración Económica, Fac.de Cs. Económicas, UNER. E-mail: nestord@fceco.uner.edu.ar, lose@arnet.com.ar

Technical and Natural Sciencies, Ingeneering and Technology

Study of the Antifungal and Antigout Activities of Plant Extracts of the Flora of Entre Ríos

**Eduardo P. Vivot*, Juan de Dios Muñoz, María del C. Cruañes, María J. Cruañes, Diego Bendersky

Key Words: ethnobotany – medicinal plants – antifungal activities – antigout activities – flora of Entre Ríos

The alarming increase of some human diseases, such as gout and fungal infections that come from the dermatophyte fungi group, is especially manifest in patients with their immune system affected. The objective of this work was to study the antifungal and antigout medicinal potential of some genera of vascular plants of the flora of the Province of Entre Ríos (Argentina). The species selected were: Prosopis nigra (Griseb.), Clematis montevidensis Sprengel, Argemone subfusiformis G. B. Ownbey, Nicotiana glauca Graham, Physalis viscosa L., Galium latoramosum (Hook et Arn.) Clos, Cestrum parqui L’ Herit., Inga verna Hook et Arn., Scutia buxifolia Reisseck, Luehea divaricata Mart., Cichorium intybus L., Parietaria debilis G. Fort, Mikania periplocifolia Hook. & Arn. and Ephedra tweediana Fish. & C.A. Mey. emend. J. H. Hunz. The fungistatic activity was assessed in vitro by the method of dilution in agar in 60 plant extracts of the different parts of the fresh and dry plants that were selected, against a standardized panel of yeasts, filamentous and dermatophyte fungi; while the antigout properties were determined by the xanthine-oxidase technique. The results suggest that these species have bioactivities, so we continue with a bioguided fractionation to find the compounds responsible of the studied ones.

*)Ing Qco. Profesor Titular Ordinario de Química I, Fac. Cs. Agrop., Director del Proyecto. E- mail: vivot@ciudad.com.ar
**) Ing Agr. Profesor Titular Ordinario de Botánica Sistemática, Fac. Cs. Agrop., Co-Director del Proyecto.

Characterization of the Labor Hired in Manufacturing Industries of the Entre Ríos Basin of the Uruguay River Using GIS*

C.A. Aguirre, A.B. Brizuela, M.D. Nosetto

Key Words: Basin of Uruguay River – GIS – labor – regional productive development

The anticipated knowledge of the relationship between productive activities and the human resources available, is extremely important to apply policies of regional economic growth. In this work, a diagnosis of the geographical distribution of several manufacturing industry fields was made, as well as on the economically active population for the districts of Entre Ríos in the area of the Basin of the Uruguay River, using Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The data extracted from the National Census of People (1991) and the Census on Work Posts Held (1994) were analyzed. Markers of hired labor and the magnitude of the facilities were obtained, to characterize the regional productive development. These results were presented in maps.

*) Artículo elaborado en el marco del proyecto: Estudio de los recursos naturales de la cuenca del Río Uruguay utilizando Sistemas de Información Geográfica”; radicado en la Fac. Cs. Agropecuarias, UNER, financiado por la ANPCyT y la SICTFRH-UNER. E-mail: cidbrizuela@infoaire.com.ar

Agricultural and Medical Sciencies

Relationship between Climatic Conditions, Appearance of Symptoms and Incidence of the Sunflower Stem Canker (Diaporthe helianthi)

Ladys Fálico, M. Evangelina Alcaraz Fálico, Griselda Visintín, Blanca García

Key Words: sunflower - Diaporthe/Phomopsis helianthi - climatic conditions

This work had as its objective to explain the effect of monthly average maximal and minimal temperatures and rain, during the period of greatest vulnerability of plants, on the pathogenesis of the "sunflower stem canker" (Diaporthe helianthi). The data for the analysis of variations were extracted from eight trials carried out in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (UNER), in Oro Verde (Entre Ríos) during 1993-1999. A multiple regression analysis was made with the temperatures and the rains that occurred in the vegetative and reproductive periods of sunflower, to identify the climatic factors that influenced more on the variation in the dates of appearance of the symptoms, and in the percentages of incidence of the disease. The results showed that the average minimal temperatures of December and the rains of November are the two elements of the weather that presented an incidence on the pathogenesis of the disease; in the first case affecting the percentage of incidence; and in the second, by incidence on the incubation period. These favorable climatic conditions for the evolution of the disease, occurred during the reproductive stages of sunflowers, when the plants are more vulnerable.

*Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos (UNER), Argentina. E-mail: lfalico@ciudad.com.ar

Study of Quality Indicators of Maternal Milk in Transition to Early Weaning

Jorge L. Pepe, Liliana Mingillo, Luis Sánchez, Estela B. Nardi

Key Words: maternal lactation – Quality/Quantity – Early weaning – nutritional indicators – risk groups

A follow up was made on quality and quantity of breastfeeding mothers' milk and the changes in the period of installation of the mothers' perception of a food crisis of their babies. A cohort of 356 mothers/babies was established, from the public hospital in Concepción del Uruguay, Entre Ríos (Argentina), with the objective of proving if there is a relationship between the maternal perception of bad quality/quantity of milk and changes in biochemical parameters. The measured indicators of quality were: total proteins, lactose, % of lipids, of free water and volume breastfed. The cohort was split in: 1) mothers that maintained maternal lactation exclusively -MLE- up to two months (n=202); 2) mothers that presented an early breastfeeding crisis -MLA- since the beginning (n=51); and 3) mothers that started combining with a feeding bottle -MLM- (n=74). The analytes of milk did not present significant differences between the MLE and the MLM before introducing the baby's bottle. Between the MLE and the MLA, the volume breastfed (p<0.001) and the percentage of lipids (p<0.001) are the indicators with highest differences; and except for lactose, all decreased in the latter. There is confirmation that there is no relationship between the mothers' perception and the values of the analytes of the milk studied.

*Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos (UNER), Argentina. E-mail: pepejl@infovia.com.ar

Family Work and Rural Education in the Citrus Region of Entre Ríos

Gonzalo F. Tentor

Key Words: Entre Ríos – citrus region – family work – family educational level

The objective was to identify some changes in rural family work in the Province of Entre Ríos, and its relationship to the agroecological and economic conditions of the Homogeneous Productive Area (HPA) N°5, in a synchronous description, through a survey and interviews to farmers. From the analysis of the information, a description springs on family composition, its educational level and its work behavior, identifying two perfectly differentiated groups in such aspects, consistent with two subareas: north and south. The results suggest that the determination of the characteristics of the productive units of the inferior stratum of the HPA N°5 and the identification of the two differentiated sets of such units, located in the two subareas mentioned, are more linked to cultural factors than to economic or agroecological ones; therefore, the modifications of the regional productive structure would have impacted on the educational development of the families and their productive, working and management behavior in a different way, creating differences between both groups, even within the same HPA.

*Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos (UNER), Argentina. E-mail: gonzalotentor@fca.uner.edu.ar

The Pea Crop: References to its Development and Current Prospects

Alicia Marta L. Cevedo

Key Words: Pisum sativum L. – "protein peas" – production alternatives

A summary of the pea crop is presented, briefly commenting on its taxonomy and areas of origin. A brief history of the development of the crop in the country is shown, and data is provided about the destiny of production; as well as on plant breeding and nutritional references. By commenting characteristics, advantages, prospects and requirements of new pea cultivars, called "protein peas," the productive alternative is presented, as linked to its recent introduction and dissemination in Argentina.