The conceptual and instrumental reference framework of public policies regarding Science, Technology and Innovation used in Latin America have shown to be increasingly inappropriate to respond to the challenges of the socio-economic development and the regional democratization processes. The purpose of this article is to analyze critically both conceptualizations currently in use in the region as institutional models implemented in the local public policies of Science, Technology and Innovation. With such aim, the concept of “transduction” (auto-organized process of alteration of sense that appears when an element -an idea, concept, technology or heuristic tool- is moved from one systemic context to another) is proposed as a proper analytical tool to understand both explanatory limitations for the concepts currently in use, and the construction dynamics of local normative rhetoric.

In the city of Paraná (Argentina), an accelerated process of increase of criminal facts has been emerging, which generates insecurity among the citizens. Here, we display the results from a study on juvenile delinquency and its relationship with social exclusion conditions in Paraná. From the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, we could conclude that the different poverty situations do not determine by themselves the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency, which does not invalidate the hypothesis that the Argentine social and political structure in general, and the one in this city particularly, does not develop mechanisms for social inclusion. A profile of youngsters in conflict with the criminal law was prepared and we found among them social similarities and few particular differences prior to the criminal behavior. Their mode of connection to the crime and the logics present in their actions convey individual expressions of an overflowing situation of a socially constructed phenomenon.

Our paper approaches, through reading a juridical corpus about a criminal case, the violence applied on women and gender discrimination not only on their bodies, but also in the letter, in discourses constructed within the framework of justice, in this report where each of the protagonists –witnesses, family members, friends, neighbors, experts- provide their view on the victim –in this case, a young mother who was murdered, a deed that was ordered by her former husband- which is also a social view on the victim, where the different ways of understanding sex/gender, stereotypes, family relationships and power mechanisms are expressed. The language is characterized by the lawfulness of the file, where it is possible to apprehend a “second violence” applied there, where an ethics based on a fair consideration of the difference maybe should reverberate. To the juridical corpus, one on printing press was added.

Taking as index cases the rice, apiculture and milk sectors, the insertion within international economy by agro-industrial cooperatives from Entre Ríos was studied during the decade of 1990’s as well as their contributions to employment and local economies (until 2001). Their national and international competitive strategies, the participation in local-regional development, technological capacities and ways to realize the cooperative principles as an active variable are analyzed. Proposals are presented for a virtuous insertion of cooperatives within external and internal markets from their protagonism in local development. This requires a new pioneer spirit, reconsider company strategies, an analysis on better ways to realize cooperative principles and an alliance with technological and university players to construct local and sector systems for innovating, which may enhance local employment capacities and degrees of national freedom in the face of hegemonic globalization.

Starting from the hypothesis that the epistemological problem about social construction of meaning has a special relevance for curricula studies, whether related to the adopted approach or the criteria and procedures for selection, classification and legitimation of contents, a research was conducted oriented to the analysis of epistemological and linguistic matters related to the curricula problem. We tried to make sense production and legitimation processes explicit, and to explain the role of language in its constitutive and communicative functions. We particularly attempted to explain the impact that the so-called “linguistic expression” implies on the educational order, as well as the abandonment of language considered as a mere instrument for transmitting closed conceptual contents, to adopt a constructive approach of it, thus admitting that meaningful contents are prepared in communicative processes within historical contexts that imply resignification acts.

This paper is about the previous ideas on “bodies in movement” held by students that begin a basic course of Mechanics at university level. The specific physical concepts involved in the representations of the students about this topic were investigated from two points of view: the one of the researchers which was accomplished through a revision of publications on the topic, and the one of the students by analyzing their ideas and conceptualizations. The scanty coherence and the diversity of results found in the analyzed investigations provided guidelines to approach the problem from a new both theoretical and methodological perspective. It was found that the physical concept of “quantity of movement” is present in the initial representations of the students, although they use the word force to refer to it. The problem of the intuitive knowledge would be related with semantic problems.

Juices from oranges of different varieties and maturity were characterized. pH oscillated between 3.40±0.18 (Valencia) and 3.77±0.31 (Navelina). Early-season varieties yielded less juice (43 and 41%) than the others (50, 47 and 50%). Soluble solids varied between 9.75 y 13.61 ºBrix. Acidity decreased, particularly for Navelina and New Hall, which showed the greatest increase of the ratio. The reducing/total sugars ratio was @ 0.5. Ascorbic acid increased in Navelina and W. Navel, and decreased in the others. No differences were observed among the amino nitrogen averages, and total nitrogen oscillated between 68 y 94 mg/100 ml. Early-season varieties showed a higher hesperidin content (Navelina, 108.91 mg/100 ml). Essential oils decreased with the harvesting time. Nine species of Candida, Cryptococcus, Kloeckera, Trichosporum and Rhodotorula were isolated form the yeast-like flora A Saccharomyces cerevisiae with adequate enological properties was isolated from the fermented juice.

Mechanically deboned poultry meat (MDPM) is a by-product of poultry meat industry. It has a low price because its darker color is undesirable in poultry meat products directed towards the white meat market. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the washing process on the characteristics of mechanically deboned poultry meat and to optimize the process so as to employ MDPM as a substitute for whole muscle in restructured poultry meat products. The washing times studied were: 10, 20 or 30 min and the washing numbers studied were: 2, 3 or 4. The results suggest that the most effective extraction of heme pigments was obtained with 4 washing steps of 30 min each. However, to achieve a color similar to breast poultry meat, 4 washing steps of 10 min each or 3 washing steps of 30 min each are enough.

Over the last decade, the foundations and applications of artificial neuronal nets have been intensely researched, and a great deal of efforts has been invested in the area of automatic speech recognition. This paper presents an extensive review and critical analysis of the application of artificial neuronal nets to automatic speech recognition. Its background from the decade of 1980’s is mentioned, and the works that constitute a direct application of the classical techniques of artificial neuronal nets are described. We discuss the works in which new neuronal architectures have been developed oriented to solving the problem of automatic speech recognition, and we also present numerous works that consist of the combination of artificial neuronal nets and hidden Markov models. Finally, a comparative analysis on the different approaches and key points that guide the researches about new paradigms on this problem is made